A bulge in the wall of a small artery that may rupture or block blood flow.
For a 0% rating, medical records showing no symptoms attributable to the aneurysm would be relevant. If the aneurysm is symptomatic, the evidence that matters shifts to whichever body system is being affected, so records documenting the nature, frequency, and severity of those symptoms become central. If you had surgery, post-operative records showing any lasting effects — and which body system those effects involve — are what VA would look at. Statements from you or people who know you describing how symptoms affect your work or daily activities can support the picture your medical records show, but those statements would need to connect to the criteria of the applicable body system, not to the aneurysm rating itself.
Conditions that are often caused or made worse by this one. If you have any of these, they may be claimable as secondary service connection.